電纜橋架的線纜主要靠外面一層包皮絕緣，如果保護(hù)不好，長時間受到外界氣體的腐蝕，絕緣性能逐漸降低，慢慢老化變硬，發(fā)脆或脫落，這時就不能起絕緣作用了。線纜的外表的絕緣層多用塑料和橡膠制成，有時候發(fā)現(xiàn)老化了，那么都是有哪些原因造成的呢?那么針對這個問題具體帶大家分析一下。

The cables of the cable tray are mainly insulated by a layer of outer sheath. If the protection is not good, they will be corroded by external gas for a long time, and the insulation performance will gradually decrease. They will age and harden slowly, become brittle or fall off. At this time, they will not be able to play the role of insulation. The insulation layer on the outside of the cable is mostly made of plastic and rubber. Sometimes it is found that it is aging. What are the reasons? Then I'll take you to analyze this problem.

1、絕緣受潮情況。

1. Insulation moisture.

一般這樣的情況也相對常見，通常發(fā)生在直埋或排管里的電纜接頭處。比如：電纜接頭制作不合格和在潮濕的氣候條件下做接頭，會使接頭進(jìn)水或混入水蒸氣，在電場作用下形成水樹枝，逐漸損害電纜的絕緣強(qiáng)度而造成故障。

Generally, this situation is also relatively common, which usually occurs at the cable joint in the directly buried or row pipe. For example, unqualified cable joints and joints made in humid weather conditions will make the joints water or mixed with water vapor, form water branches under the action of electric field, and gradually damage the insulation strength of the cable, resulting in failure.

2、化工原料的腐蝕。

2. Corrosion of chemical raw materials.

電纜直接埋在有酸堿作用的地區(qū)，往往會造成電纜的鎧裝、鉛皮或外護(hù)層被腐蝕，保護(hù)層因長期遭受化學(xué)腐蝕或電解腐蝕，致使保護(hù)層失效，絕緣降低，也會導(dǎo)致電纜故障。

If the cable is directly buried in the area with acid-base effect, it will often cause the armor, lead skin or outer protective layer of the cable to be corroded. The protective layer will be subject to chemical corrosion or electrolytic corrosion for a long time, resulting in the failure of the protective layer, reduced insulation and cable failure.

3、長期過負(fù)荷運(yùn)行。

3. Long term overload operation.

超負(fù)荷運(yùn)行，由于電流的熱效應(yīng)，負(fù)載電流通過電纜時必然導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)體發(fā)熱，同時電荷的集膚效應(yīng)以及鋼鎧的渦流損耗、絕緣介質(zhì)損耗也會產(chǎn)乍附加熱量，從而使電纜溫度升高。長期超負(fù)荷運(yùn)行時，過高的溫度會加速絕緣的老化，以絕緣被擊穿。尤其在炎熱的夏季，電纜的溫升常常導(dǎo)致電纜絕緣薄弱處被擊穿，因此在夏季，電纜的故障也就特別多。

During overload operation, due to the thermal effect of the current, the conductor will be heated when the load current passes through the cable. At the same time, the skin effect of the charge, the eddy current loss of the steel armor and the loss of insulating medium will also produce additional heat, which will increase the temperature of the cable. During long-term overload operation, too high temperature will accelerate the aging of insulation and even the insulation will be broken down. Especially in the hot summer, the temperature rise of the cable often leads to the breakdown of the weak part of the cable insulation first. Therefore, there are many cable faults in summer.

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4、電纜接頭故障。

4. Cable connector failure.

電纜接頭是電纜線路中薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)，由人員直接過失(施工不良)引發(fā)的電纜接頭故障時常發(fā)生。施工人員在制作電纜接頭過程中，如果有接頭壓接不緊、加熱不充分等原網(wǎng)，都會導(dǎo)致電纜頭絕緣降低，從而引發(fā)事故。

The cable joint is a weak link in the cable line. The cable joint failure caused by the direct fault of personnel (poor construction) often occurs. In the process of making cable joints, if there are original nets such as loose crimping and insufficient heating of joints, the insulation of cable heads will be reduced, resulting in accidents.

5、環(huán)境以及溫度因素。

5. Environmental and temperature factors.

電纜橋架以及線纜周邊的外界環(huán)境和熱源也會造成電纜溫度過高、絕緣擊穿，嚴(yán)重的造成爆炸起火。

The cable bridge and the external environment and heat source around the cable will also cause excessive cable temperature, insulation breakdown, and serious explosion and fire.

6、外力損傷。

6. External force damage.

當(dāng)前的非常多的電纜故障均以機(jī)械損傷引起的居多。舉個例子看：電纜敷設(shè)安裝時不規(guī)范施工，容易造成機(jī)械損傷;在直埋電纜上搞土建施工也容易將運(yùn)行中的電纜損傷等。有的情況下當(dāng)時線纜的損傷不嚴(yán)重，可能需要幾個月甚幾年才可能會出現(xiàn)損傷部位擊穿形成故障，還有的線纜損壞較重的可能發(fā)生短路故障，直接影響電纜橋架和用電單位的生產(chǎn)生活問題。

At present, most cable faults are caused by mechanical damage. For example: the cable laying and installation is not standardized, which is easy to cause mechanical damage; Civil construction on directly buried cables is also easy to damage the cables in operation. In some cases, the damage of the cable is not serious at that time, and it may take months or even years before the breakdown of the damaged part may form a fault. In other cases, the cable with serious damage may have a short-circuit fault, which will directly affect the production and life of the cable bridge and power users.

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